Generating Keys for Encryption and Decryption.; 3 minutes to read +7; In this article. Creating and managing keys is an important part of the cryptographic process. Symmetric algorithms require the creation of a key and an initialization vector (IV). The key must be kept secret from anyone who should not decrypt your data. I am working to upgrade the Tableau 9.2 to 10.1 and enable to SAML. In order to configure the SAML I wanted to understand how to generate or source to get the Certificate file and also Key file. Please help me provide some information. When I looked up in Tableau site I see there is some material to generate.csr and.key files for SSL.
- It's main difference to our generator is that the Norton password generator generates the password on the server (June 2017). This means that the method they use for generating the password cannot be independently verified, and anyone capable of breaking HTTPS encryption will be able to read the password while it is transmitted over the network.
- Generate Keys. Open Terminal (Linux/Unix/MacOS) or Command Prompt/PowerShell (Windows) and run 2 commands below in the same directory/folder: Generate Public Key: openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048 (The generated private key is stored in private.pem file) Generate Private Key: openssl rsa -in private.pem -pubout -out public.pem.
- Build IdP Metadata. Build the XML metadata of a SAML Identity Provider providing some information: EntityID, Endpoints (Single Sign On Service Endpoint, Single Logout Service Endpoint), its public X.509 cert, NameId Format, Organization info and Contact info. This metadata XML can be signed providing a public X.509 cert and the private key.
Deploy Seamless Single Sign-On
Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Seamless Single Sign-On (Seamless SSO) automatically signs in users when they are on their corporate desktops that are connected to your corporate network. Seamless SSO provides your users with easy access to your cloud-based applications without needing any additional on-premises components.
To deploy Seamless SSO, follow these steps.
Step 1: Check the prerequisites
Ensure that the following prerequisites are in place:
- Set up your Azure AD Connect server: If you use Pass-through Authentication as your sign-in method, no additional prerequisite check is required. If you use password hash synchronization as your sign-in method, and if there is a firewall between Azure AD Connect and Azure AD, ensure that:
- You use version 1.1.644.0 or later of Azure AD Connect.
- If your firewall or proxy allows DNS whitelisting, whitelist the connections to the *.msappproxy.net URLs over port 443. If not, allow access to the Azure datacenter IP ranges, which are updated weekly. This prerequisite is applicable only when you enable the feature. It is not required for actual user sign-ins.NoteAzure AD Connect versions 1.1.557.0, 1.1.558.0, 1.1.561.0, and 1.1.614.0 have a problem related to password hash synchronization. If you don't intend to use password hash synchronization in conjunction with Pass-through Authentication, read the Azure AD Connect release notes to learn more.
- Use a supported Azure AD Connect topology: Ensure that you are using one of Azure AD Connect's supported topologies described here.NoteSeamless SSO supports multiple AD forests, whether there are AD trusts between them or not.
- Set up domain administrator credentials: You need to have domain administrator credentials for each Active Directory forest that:
- You synchronize to Azure AD through Azure AD Connect.
- Contains users you want to enable for Seamless SSO.
- Enable modern authentication: You need to enable modern authentication on your tenant for this feature to work.
- Use the latest versions of Office 365 clients: To get a silent sign-on experience with Office 365 clients (Outlook, Word, Excel, and others), your users need to use versions 16.0.8730.xxxx or above.
Step 2: Enable the feature
Enable Seamless SSO through Azure AD Connect.
Note
You can also enable Seamless SSO using PowerShell if Azure AD Connect doesn't meet your requirements. Use this option if you have more than one domain per Active Directory forest, and you want to be more targeted about the domain you want to enable Seamless SSO for.
If you're doing a fresh installation of Azure AD Connect, choose the custom installation path. At the User sign-in page, select the Enable single sign on option.
Note
The option will be available for selection only if the Sign On method is Password Hash Synchronization or Pass-through Authentication.
If you already have an installation of Azure AD Connect, select the Change user sign-in page in Azure AD Connect, and then select Next. If you are using Azure AD Connect versions 1.1.880.0 or above, the Enable single sign on option will be selected by default. If you are using older versions of Azure AD Connect, select the Enable single sign on option.
Continue through the wizard until you get to the Enable single sign on page. Provide domain administrator credentials for each Active Directory forest that:
- You synchronize to Azure AD through Azure AD Connect.
- Contains users you want to enable for Seamless SSO.
After completion of the wizard, Seamless SSO is enabled on your tenant.
Note
The domain administrator credentials are not stored in Azure AD Connect or in Azure AD. They're used only to enable the feature.
Follow these instructions to verify that you have enabled Seamless SSO correctly:
C# Sso
- Sign in to the Azure Active Directory administrative center with the global administrator credentials for your tenant.
- Select Azure Active Directory in the left pane.
- Select Azure AD Connect.
- Verify that the Seamless single sign-on feature appears as Enabled.
Important
Seamless SSO creates a computer account named
AZUREADSSOACC
in your on-premises Active Directory (AD) in each AD forest. The AZUREADSSOACC
computer account needs to be strongly protected for security reasons. Only Domain Admins should be able to manage the computer account. Ensure that Kerberos delegation on the computer account is disabled, and that no other account in Active Directory has delegation permissions on the AZUREADSSOACC
computer account. Store the computer account in an Organization Unit (OU) where they are safe from accidental deletions and where only Domain Admins have access.Note
If you are using Pass-the-Hash and Credential Theft Mitigation architectures in your on-premises environment, make appropriate changes to ensure that the
AZUREADSSOACC
computer account doesn't end up in the Quarantine container.Step 3: Roll out the feature
You can gradually roll out Seamless SSO to your users using the instructions provided below. You start by adding the following Azure AD URL to all or selected users' Intranet zone settings by using Group Policy in Active Directory:
https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com
In addition, you need to enable an Intranet zone policy setting called Allow updates to status bar via script through Group Policy.
Note
The following instructions work only for Internet Explorer and Google Chrome on Windows (if it shares a set of trusted site URLs with Internet Explorer). Read the next section for instructions on how to set up Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome on macOS.
Why do you need to modify users' Intranet zone settings?
By default, the browser automatically calculates the correct zone, either Internet or Intranet, from a specific URL. For example,
http://contoso/
maps to the Intranet zone, whereas http://intranet.contoso.com/
maps to the Internet zone (because the URL contains a period). Browsers will not send Kerberos tickets to a cloud endpoint, like the Azure AD URL, unless you explicitly add the URL to the browser's Intranet zone.There are two ways to modify users' Intranet zone settings:
Option | Admin consideration | User experience |
---|---|---|
Group policy | Admin locks down editing of Intranet zone settings | Users cannot modify their own settings |
Group policy preference | Admin allows editing on Intranet zone settings | Users can modify their own settings |
'Group policy' option - Detailed steps
- Open the Group Policy Management Editor tool.
- Edit the group policy that's applied to some or all your users. This example uses Default Domain Policy.
- Browse to User Configuration > Policy > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Internet Explorer > Internet Control Panel > Security Page. Then select Site to Zone Assignment List.
- Enable the policy, and then enter the following values in the dialog box:
- Value name: The Azure AD URL where the Kerberos tickets are forwarded.
- Value (Data): 1 indicates the Intranet zone.The result looks like this:Value name:
https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com
Value (Data): 1
NoteIf you want to disallow some users from using Seamless SSO (for instance, if these users sign in on shared kiosks), set the preceding values to 4. This action adds the Azure AD URL to the Restricted zone, and fails Seamless SSO all the time. - Select OK, and then select OK again.
- Browse to User Configuration > Policy > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Internet Explorer > Internet Control Panel > Security Page > Intranet Zone. Then select Allow updates to status bar via script.
- Enable the policy setting, and then select OK.
'Group policy preference' option - Detailed steps
- Open the Group Policy Management Editor tool.
- Edit the group policy that's applied to some or all your users. This example uses Default Domain Policy.
- Browse to User Configuration > Preferences > Windows Settings > Registry > New > Registry item.
- Enter the following values in appropriate fields and click OK.
- Key Path: SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsZoneMapDomainsmicrosoftazuread-sso.comautologon
- Value name: https.
- Value type: REG_DWORD.
- Value data: 00000001.
![Sso Generate Private Key Net Sso Generate Private Key Net](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126048481/254715718.jpg)
Browser considerations
Mozilla Firefox (all platforms)
Mozilla Firefox doesn't automatically use Kerberos authentication. Each user must manually add the Azure AD URL to their Firefox settings by using the following steps:
- Run Firefox and enter
about:config
in the address bar. Dismiss any notifications that you see. - Search for the network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris preference. This preference lists Firefox's trusted sites for Kerberos authentication.
- Right-click and select Modify.
- Enter
https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com
in the field. - Select OK and then reopen the browser.
Safari (macOS)
Ensure that the machine running the macOS is joined to AD. Instructions for AD-joining your macOS device is outside the scope of this article.
Microsoft Edge based on Chromium (all platforms)
If you have overridden the AuthNegotiateDelegateAllowlist or the AuthServerAllowlist policy settings in your environment, ensure that you add Azure AD's URL (
https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com
) to them as well.Microsoft Edge based on Chromium (macOS and other non-Windows platforms)
For Microsoft Edge based on Chromium on Mac OS and other non-Windows platforms, refer to the Microsoft Edge based on Chromium Policy List for information on how to add the Azure AD URL for integrated authentication to your allow-list.
Google Chrome (all platforms)
If you have overridden the AuthNegotiateDelegateWhitelist or the AuthServerWhitelist policy settings in your environment, ensure that you add Azure AD's URL (
https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com
) to them as well.Google Chrome (macOS and other non-Windows platforms)
For Google Chrome on Mac OS and other non-Windows platforms, refer to The Chromium Project Policy List for information on how to whitelist the Azure AD URL for integrated authentication.
The use of third-party Active Directory Group Policy extensions to roll out the Azure AD URL to Firefox and Google Chrome on Mac users is outside the scope of this article.
Known browser limitations
Seamless SSO doesn't work in private browsing mode on Firefox and Microsoft Edge browsers. It also doesn't work on Internet Explorer if the browser is running in Enhanced Protected mode. For the next version of Microsoft Edge based on Chromium, it will not work in InPrivate and Guest mode by design.
Step 4: Test the feature
To test the feature for a specific user, ensure that all the following conditions are in place:
- The user signs in on a corporate device.
- The device is joined to your Active Directory domain. The device doesn't need to be Azure AD Joined.
- The device has a direct connection to your domain controller (DC), either on the corporate wired or wireless network or via a remote access connection, such as a VPN connection.
- You have rolled out the feature to this user through Group Policy.
To test the scenario where the user enters only the username, but not the password:
Keys Sso Web Cad
- Sign in to
https://myapps.microsoft.com/
in a new private browser session.
To test the scenario where the user doesn't have to enter the username or the password, use one of these steps:
- Sign in to
https://myapps.microsoft.com/contoso.onmicrosoft.com
in a new private browser session. Replace contoso with your tenant's name. - Sign in to
https://myapps.microsoft.com/contoso.com
in a new private browser session. Replace contoso.com with a verified domain (not a federated domain) on your tenant.
Step 5: Roll over keys
In Step 2, Azure AD Connect creates computer accounts (representing Azure AD) in all the Active Directory forests on which you have enabled Seamless SSO. To learn more, see Azure Active Directory Seamless Single Sign-On: Technical deep dive.
Important
The Kerberos decryption key on a computer account, if leaked, can be used to generate Kerberos tickets for any user in its AD forest. Malicious actors can then impersonate Azure AD sign-ins for compromised users. We highly recommend that you periodically roll over these Kerberos decryption keys - at least once every 30 days.
For instructions on how to roll over keys, see Azure Active Directory Seamless Single Sign-On: Frequently asked questions. We are working on a capability to introduce automated roll over of keys.
Important
You don't need to do this step immediately after you have enabled the feature. Roll over the Kerberos decryption keys at least once every 30 days.
Next steps
- Technical deep dive: Understand how the Seamless Single Sign-On feature works.
- Frequently asked questions: Get answers to frequently asked questions about Seamless Single Sign-On.
- Troubleshoot: Learn how to resolve common problems with the Seamless Single Sign-On feature.
- UserVoice: Use the Azure Active Directory Forum to file new feature requests.